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Abstract Introduction Adolescents who practice sports have better mental health indicators. Objective To analyze the association between different types of physical activity (systematized exercise, individual, and collective sports), mental health, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with 666 Brazilian adolescents (14-19 y.o.) attending high schools and selected using random cluster sampling. The mental health indicators analyzed were evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, including suicidal ideation. We also obtained physical activity information through questionnaires. Results There was a higher prevalence related to mental disorders (54.2% vs. 32.5%), difficulties related to mental health (79.6% vs. 48.4%), and suicidal thoughts (22.9% vs. 11.4%) in girls than in boys (p < .001 for all). The boys engaged in more team sports (41.0 vs. 23.8), whereas girls performed more exercise (45.1 vs. 26.5; p < .001). Discussion and conclusion The practice of team sports helps develop the collective spirit, stimulates social interaction, and develops reasoning and emotional intelligence. Boys who play team sports have fewer symptoms of common mental disorders, lower mental health problems, and less suicidal ideation than physically inactive boys.
Resumen Introducción Los adolescentes que practican deportes tienen mejores indicadores de salud mental. Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre los diferentes tipos de actividad física (ejercicio sistematizado, deportes individuales y colectivos), la salud mental y la ideación suicida en adolescentes. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal realizado con 666 adolescentes brasileños (14-19 años) que asisten a escuelas secundarias y fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Los indicadores de salud mental analizados fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario de Autoinforme y el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades, incluyendo la ideación suicida. También obtuvimos información de la actividad física a través de cuestionarios. Resultados Hubo una mayor prevalencia relacionada con trastornos mentales (54.2% contra 32.5%), dificultades relacionadas con la salud mental (79.6% contra 48.4%) y pensamientos suicidas (22.9% contra 11.4%) en niñas que en niños (p < .001 para todos). Los chicos practicaban más deportes de equipo (41.0 contra 23.8), mientras que las chicas hacían más ejercicio (45.1 contra 26.5; p < .001). Discusión y conclusión La práctica de deportes de equipo ayuda en el desarrollo del espíritu colectivo, estimula la interacción social, desarrolla el razonamiento y la inteligencia emocional. Los niños que practican deportes de equipo tienen menos síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes, menos problemas de salud mental y menos ideación suicida en comparación con los niños físicamente inactivos.
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Introducción: la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo -aborto inducido o provocado-, a pesar de ser una temática antigua, continúa siendo un problema social que afecta no solo a la mujer, sino también a la familia y la comunidad, en aspectos políticos, socioeconómicos, culturales y religiosos. Objetivo: caracterizar las interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo, según variables sociodemográficas en el Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Martínez Tamayo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Martínez Tamayo, del municipio Baracoa, provincia de Guantánamo, durante el año 2021. La muestra obtenida de 111 pacientes fue seleccionada por muestreo no probabilístico intencionado. El dato primario se obtuvo de la historia clínica individual y de encuestas realizadas a las pacientes. Resultados: se observó un predominio del grupo de edad de 20 a 24 años, con 36 pacientes (32,4 %). Las mujeres de zona urbana fueron la mayoría, con 79 (71,2 %). Respecto al estado civil, predominaron las solteras (56,7 %) y las divorciadas (19,8 %). El 36,9 % estaban en la universidad o contaban con nivel universitario y el 45,9 % eran de ocupación estudiante. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de algunos determinantes sociodemográficos en las características de las interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo, permite entender su variabilidad y su constitución como problema de salud en el Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Martínez Tamayo.
Introduction: the voluntary interruption of pregnancy -induced or provoked abortion- despite being an old issue, continues to be a social problem that affects not only women, but also family and community in political, socio-economic, cultural and religious aspects. Objective: to characterize the voluntary interruptions of pregnancy, according to socio-demographic variables in the University Polyclinic Hermanos Martinez Tamayo. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the University Polyclinic Hermanos Martinez Tamayo, from the municipality of Baracoa, province of Guantanamo, during 2021. The sample obtained from 111 patients was selected by intentioned, non-probabilistic sampling. The primary data were obtained from the individual clinical records and from surveys carried out on the patients. Results: the age group between 20 and 24 years predominated with 36 patients (32.4%). Urban women were the majority 79 (71.2%). Regarding marital status single (56.7%) and divorced (19.8%) women predominated. 36.9% studied in the university or finished university studies, and 45.9% were students. Conclusions: the treatment of some socio-demographic determinants in the characteristics of pregnancy voluntary interruptions, allows us to understand its variability and its constitution as a health problem in the University Polyclinic Hermanos Martinez Tamayo.
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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knees of individuals with renal failure who are on hemodialysis, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), comparing them with those of a group of individuals with normal renal function. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, controlled study conducted between August 2018 and February 2020. The cases consisted of 15 patients who had been on hemodialysis for ≥ 5 years and did not have a quadriceps tendon rupture. The controls consisted of 15 individuals with normal renal function who were matched (1:1) to the cases for sex, age, and physical activity level. The subjects in both groups underwent MRI of the right knee only. Results: The mean ages of the cases and controls were 50 ± 15 years and 49 ± 14 years, respectively. The median time on hemodialysis was 11 years (range, 10-14 years). Serum levels of parathyroid hormone, ferritin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and creatinine were higher among the cases than among the controls, whereas serum albumin and hemoglobin were lower (p < 0.05 for all). The MRI study showed a hyperintense signal in the quadriceps tendon in 11 of the cases and in three of the controls (p = 0.009). Knee joint effusion was observed in nine of the cases and in three of the controls (p < 0.05). The thickness, length, and width of the tendon did not differ between the groups. A hyperintense signal in the tendon was not associated with the time on hemodialysis; nor with the levels of intact parathyroid hormone, hemoglobin, or alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: Patients on chronic hemodialysis, even those without a tendon rupture, show a hyperintense signal in the quadriceps tendon on MRI.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar joelhos de indivíduos com falência renal em hemodiálise por meio de ressonância magnética, em comparação com um grupo controle sem doença renal crônica. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional, controlado, realizado entre agosto/2018 e fevereiro/2020. Os 15 casos consistiram de pacientes com cinco anos ou mais em hemodiálise, sem ruptura do tendão do quadríceps. Os 15 controles, sem doença renal crônica, foram pareados (1:1) por sexo, idade e nível de atividade física. Resultados: A média de idade dos casos foi 50 ± 15 anos e a dos controles, 49 ± 14 anos. A mediana do tempo em hemodiálise foi 11 anos (variação: 10-14 anos). Nos casos, os níveis séricos de paratormônio, ferritina, fosfatase alcalina, fósforo e creatinina estavam mais altos e os de albumina e hemoglobina, mais baixos (p < 0,05). Hipersinal no tendão foi demonstrado em 11 casos e três controles (p = 0,009). Derrame articular foi observado em nove casos e três controles (p < 0,05). A espessura, o comprimento e a largura do tendão não diferiram entre os grupos. Hipersinal no tendão do quadríceps não mostrou associação com o tempo em hemodiálise ou com os níveis de paratormônio intacto, hemoglobina e fosfatase alcalina. Conclusão: Pacientes em hemodiálise sem episódios de ruptura já apresentam hipersinal no tendão do quadríceps nas imagens de ressonância magnética.
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ABSTRACT Quadriceps tendon tears are uncommon injuries often associated with chronic diseases, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The role of secondary hyperparathyroidism as a predisposing factor for tendon tears in this group of patients is well documented, and the weakening of the tendon-bone junction is part of this context. The treatment of choice for quadriceps tendon ruptures in patients with ESRD is surgery, which should be performed as soon as possible. There are several surgical techniques to be used, but the lack of comparative studies does not allow us to conclude which one is the best option. More recent publications have preferred the association of techniques, with emphasis on the use of autologous tendon grafts as a reinforcement tool, which is the author's procedure of choice. Recent studies reported the use of biological agents to stimulate healing and allografts, but the information seems preliminary to be routinely recommended. Level of evidence II; Obsevation of therapeutic studies.
RESUMO As rupturas do tendão do quadríceps são lesões incomuns, frequentemente associadas a doenças crônicas, incluindo a doença renal em estágio de falência funcional. O papel do hiperparatireoidismo secundário como fator predisponente para rupturas tendinosas nesse grupo de pacientes está bem documentado, e o enfraquecimento da junção tendão-osso faz parte desse contexto. O tratamento de escolha para rupturas do tendão do quadríceps em pacientes com falência renal é a cirurgia, e deve ser realizado o mais rápido possível. Existem várias técnicas cirúrgicas a serem utilizadas, mas a falta de estudos comparativos não nos permite concluir qual é a melhor opção. Publicações mais recentes têm preferido a associação de técnicas, com destaque para o uso de enxerto tendíneo autólogo como ferramenta de reforço, procedimento de escolha do autor. Estudos recentes relatam o uso de agentes biológicos para estimular a cicatrização e aloenxertos, mas as informações parecem preliminares para serem rotineiramente recomendadas. Nível de Evidência II; Observação de estudos terapêuticos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Catatonia/etiology , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/complications , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizophrenia, Catatonic/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Catatonia/therapy , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/therapy , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Despite its importance in biogeographical, ecological, and commercial terms, the fish fauna of the northern Brazilian coast is still poorly known, representing the least sampled portion of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. We collected Tonkin weakfish, Cynoscion similis specimens during extensive surveys of the northern Brazilian coast and concluded that C. similis is common in this region. While the species had not previously been reported for the northern Brazilian state of Pará, it may have been recorded in studies of industrial fisheries, being identified only as Cynoscion sp. or by the common name pescada negra. This reinforces the need for the reliable taxonomical identification of species, to guarantee the collection of accurate data on ecology and fisheries, and ultimately, support the development of effective conservation strategies. Here we provide additional morphological and molecular data to distinguish Cynoscion similis from the closely related Cynoscion jamaicensis, and other congeners. (AU)
Subject(s)
Fishing Industry , Classification , DNA Barcoding, TaxonomicABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Forest species can have their seeds damaged by granivorous insects, especially by those in their larval stage. In this context, this study aims to report the occurrence of Amblycerus species in Cordia trichotoma seeds, to describe their main damage to seeds and effects on germination, as well as their associated hymenopteran parasitoids. Therefore, seven trees were selected in the municipality of Taquaruçu do Sul, RS, Brazil. Fruits were collected weekly from the medium third of the tree crown, from the beginning of their formation until total dehiscence. To examine the damage caused by granivorous insects within the fruits, 15 fruits from each tree were sectioned with a scalpel. Furthermore, 10 fruits from each tree were stored individually in clear plates to verify the occurrence and identification of granivorous insect species. Evidence of the damage caused to seeds was verified through the germination test by comparing preserved and damaged seeds, with four repetitions of 25 seeds each. The species Amblycerus longesuturalis and Amblycerus profaupar (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) were found associated with fruits of C. trichotoma. Female insects predominantly laid eggs on the superior part between the marcescent calyx and the fruit, and larvae perforated the fruit tegument to start consuming seed embryos and reserves. Bruquine larvae are parasitized by Hymenoptera of Bracon, Mirax, Omeganastatus and Triapsis genera. In conclusion, the germination of C. trichotoma seeds is significantly affected by emergence orifices caused by granivorous species.
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As they spend most of their time buried in the substrate and are not a fishery resource, heterenchelyids are seldom seen. These eels are characterized by their greatly reduced eyes, which are covered by semi-transparent skin, the absence of a pectoral fin or lateral line, and no pores on the head or body. Pythonichthys sanguineus is a particularly poorly-known species, with only eight scientific records from Cuba, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname. The present study is based on six adult specimens of P. sanguineus captured by vessels of the shrimp trawling fleet along the northern Brazilian coast, in the vicinity of the Amazon Reef. We provide meristic, morphometric and DNA barcoding data. These findings provide insights into the distribution of the species off the northern Brazilian coast and contribute to the discussion about the southern limit of the Greater Caribbean fauna. (AU)
Heterenchelídeos passam a maior parte do tempo enterrados no substrato e raramente são vistos, não representando recursos pesqueiros importantes. Essas enguias são caracterizadas por seus olhos muito reduzidos e cobertos por pele semi-transparente, ausência de nadadeiras peitorais ou linha lateral, e ausência de poros na cabeça ou no corpo. Pythonichthys sanguineus é uma espécie particularmente pouco conhecida, com apenas oito registros em coleção zoológica para Cuba, Porto Rico, Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana e Suriname. O presente estudo é baseado em seis espécimes adultos de P. sanguineus capturados pela frota industrial de arrasto de camarão-rosa na costa norte do Brasil, ao largo dos Recifes da Amazônia. Apresentamos dados merísticos, morfométricos e de DNA barcoding dos exemplares examinados. O registro fornece informações importantes sobre a distribuição da espécie na costa norte do Brasil, e contribui para a discussão sobre o limite sul da fauna do Grande Caribe.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Eels/anatomy & histology , Animal Distribution/physiology , Fisheries , Species Specificity , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources , DNA Barcoding, TaxonomicABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To assess associations between subjective well-being (SWB), religiosity, anxiety and other factors in a sample of Brazilian medical students from a public university in northeastern Brazil. Methods: The present study followed a cross-sectional, observational, analytical approach. Data were collected by administering a self-applicable questionnaire composed of questions focused on sociodemographic data and based on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWL), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Duke Religiosity Index (DUREL). Results: The sample comprised 417 medical school students (73.54% of all the enrolled students). The medical students assessed presented a medium level of satisfaction with life, low mean positive emotion levels and high anxiety/uneasiness levels. Surprisingly, lower anxiety and intrinsic religiosity (IR) scores were associated with higher scores in the two SWB parameters (positive emotions and satisfaction with life). Furthermore, the factors leisure activities, good sleep quality, financial support, age, and gender were associated with the highest SWB scores (with emotional and cognitive components, or with only one of these two components). Conclusions: Data in the current study corroborated the negative association between SWB and anxiety; however, in opposition to the literature, they also evidenced a negative association between SWB and IR. In addition, the present research signaled the need for creating preventive intervention programs to increase SWB through positive psychological techniques and/or to decrease anxiety by applying, for instance, cognitive-behavioral therapy paradigms and/or mindfulness techniques to medical students.
Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar associações entre bem-estar subjetivo (BES), religiosidade, ansiedade e outros fatores em uma amostra de estudantes brasileiros de medicina de uma universidade pública do nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: O presente estudo seguiu uma abordagem transversal, observacional, analítica. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário autoaplicável incluindo questões focadas em dados sociodemográficos e baseado na Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWL), Escala de Afeto Positivo e Afeto Negativo (PANAS), Questionário de Preocupação da Pensilvânia (PSWQ) e Índice de Religiosidade de DUKE (DUREL). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 417 estudantes de medicina (73,54% de todos os alunos matriculados). Os estudantes avaliados apresentaram nível médio de satisfação com a vida, baixos níveis de emoções positivas e altos níveis de ansiedade/preocupação. Surpreendentemente, menor ansiedade e escores de religiosidade intrínseca (IR) foram associados com maiores pontuações nos dois parâmetros de BES (emoções positivas e satisfação com a vida). Além disso, os fatores atividades de lazer, boa qualidade do sono, apoio financeiro, idade e sexo foram associados aos maiores escores do BES (com componentes emocionais e cognitivos, ou apenas um deles). Conclusão: Os dados do presente estudo corroboraram a associação negativa entre BES e ansiedade; no entanto, contrariamente à literatura, eles também evidenciaram uma associação negativa entre BES e IR. Além disso, a presente pesquisa sinalizou a necessidade de criar programas de intervenção preventiva para aumentar o BES por meio de técnicas psicológicas positivas e/ou diminuir a ansiedade aplicando, por exemplo, paradigmas de terapia cognitivo-comportamental e/ou técnicas de mindfulness a estudantes de medicina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anxiety , Religion , Students, Medical/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Sleep , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Emotions , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
Introdução: A prevalência de transtornos mentais em estudantes de medicina é globalmente alta e esse grupo tende a ter estratégias de enfrentamento mais perigosas. Revisões sistemáticas trouxeram suporte científico para a realização de intervenções que visam melhorar o bem-estar e a saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina. O presente artigo traz a análise dos relatos fornecidos pelos estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco que participaram de um treinamento emocional baseado na psicologia positiva, uma área da psicologia fundada na década de noventa que visa estudar o bem-estar e as potencialidades humanas, afim de ampliar a avaliação da intervenção. Relato da experiência: Inicialmente, os alunos se apresentaram surpresos em relação à abordagem nova. A surpresa se deveu à dinâmica em si, mas também ao fato de desconhecerem a psiquiatria positiva e a psicologia positiva, abordagens que visam o estudo e a promoção da saúde mental positiva por meio de fatores vinculados ao bem-estar. Antes da intervenção, cerca de 32,3% dos estudantes tinham escore de risco para transtornos mentais comuns, conforme aferição realizada pela escala Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). E, apesar da estranheza inicial, tanto os que estavam com alguma condição psiquiátrica, quanto os que não estavam, sentiram benefício direto da intervenção que focou na saúde mental positiva. Conclusão: A análise dos relatos dos estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco que receberam uma intervenção focada em estimular aspectos da saúde mental positiva por meio da psicologia positiva complementa o entendimento dos resultados quantitativos encontrados em publicação prévia. Tanto os alunos que estavam com alguma condição psiquiátrica no momento da intervenção, quanto os que não estavam, sentiram benefício direto da intervenção que focou na saúde mental positiva. Houve também percepção de que a intervenção influenciou positivamente a formação médica deles e não somente a saúde mental.
Introduction: The prevalence of mental disorders in medical students is globally high and this group tends to have more dangerous coping strategies. Systematic reviews have provided scientific support for interventions aimed at improving the well-being and mental health of medical students. This article presents the analysis of the reports provided by the medical students of the Federal University of Pernambuco who participated in an emotional training based on positive psychology, an area of psychology founded in the nineties that aims to study human well-being and potentialities, in order to extend the evaluation of the intervention. Experience report: Initially, students were surprised at the new approach. The surprise was due to the dynamics themselves, but also to the fact that they are unaware of positive psychiatry and positive psychology, approaches aimed at the study and promotion of positive mental health through factors linked to well-being. Before the intervention, about 32.3% of the students had a risk score for common mental disorders, as measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). And despite this initial strangeness, both those with some psychiatric condition and those who were not felt direct benefit from the intervention that focused on positive mental health. There was also a perception that the intervention positively influenced their medical education and not only their own mental health, with the wish that the training had taken place before the course. Conclusion: The analysis of the reports of medical students from the Federal University of Pernambuco who received an intervention focused on stimulating aspects of positive mental health through positive psychology complement the understanding of the quantitative results found in a previous publication. Both students who were in some psychiatric condition at the time of the intervention, as well as those who were not, felt direct benefit from the intervention that focused on positive mental health. There was also a perception that the intervention positively influenced their medical education and not just their own mental health.
Subject(s)
Mental Health , Psychiatry , Students, Medical , Adaptation, Psychological , Health Strategies , Education, Medical , Disease Prevention , Health Promotion , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
Abstract Heteropsylla caldwelli Burckhardt (Psyllidae, Ciriacreminae) is reported for the first time from Brazil (States of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul) from Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. The earpod tree, from Albizia edwallii (Hoehne) Barneby and J.W. Grimes and Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), all previously unknown hosts. The population dynamics of the psyllid were investigated in a seven-year-old plantation of E. contortisiliquum in an abandoned open-pit coal mine in Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul during two years. The population showed peaks in spring and summer, correlating directly with the mean air temperature and the population size of microhymenoptera.
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Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review of human studies reporting neural correlates of positive emotions. Methods: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2016 for scientific papers written in English. No restrictions were placed on year of publication. Results: Twenty-two articles were identified and 12 met the established criteria. Five had been published during the last 4 years. Formation and regulation of positive emotions, including happiness, are associated with significant reductions in activity in the right prefrontal cortex and bilaterally in the temporoparietal cortex, as well as with increased activity in the left prefrontal regions. They are also associated with increased activity in the cingulate gyrus, inferior and middle temporal gyri, amygdalae, and ventral striatum. Conclusion: It is too early to claim that there is an established understanding of the neuroscience of positive emotions and happiness. However, despite overlap in the brain regions involved in the formation and regulation of positive and negative emotions, we can conclude that positive emotions such as happiness activate specific brain regions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain/physiology , Neurosciences , Happiness , Electroencephalography , NeuroimagingABSTRACT
Objetivos: Nosso objetivo é trazer nessa revisão as informações mais recentes e atualizadas sobre a abordagem cirúrgica dos nódulos de tireóide (NT). Métodos:Utilizamos as diretrizes da Associação Americana de Tireoide - American ThyroidAssociation (ATA), Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia, bibliografias prevalentes e artigos das principais bases de dados como fontes para criação desta. Resultados: Abordamos de forma objetiva e didática os principais métodos diagnósticos, além de indicações e tratamento cirúrgico, nos casos necessários, para darmos ao leitor uma ideia prática de como manejar um paciente com NT. Dentro deste contexto, a abordagem cirúrgica dessa patologiafoi o foco principal visandoque seja empregada de maneira oportuna, uma vez que esta representa uma marca divisória e definitiva no manejo desta condição. Conclusões: Diagnóstico e manejo dos NT estão sendo constantemente revisados e modificados graças aos avanços científico e epidemiológico nesta área do conhecimento. Ainda é necessário maior aprofundamento nas indicações do tratamento cirúrgico, tendo em mente o impacto que o mesmo gera na vida do paciente.
Aims: Our aim is to provide in this review the most recent information about surgical approach in thyroid nodular disease. Methods: We have used the most recent guidelines of The American Thyroid Association (ATA's) andConsenso da SociedadeBrasileira de Endocrinologia, prevalent bibliography, and articles found in relevant data bases to create this review. Results: We have approached in an objective and didactic way the methods of diagnosis, and the surgical treatment, when necessary, with the intention to give to the reader a practical idea of how to deal with patients with thyroid nodular disease. In this context, a surgical approach was the focus of this study, because it represents one of the most important and definitive divisions within management of this condition. Conclusions: Diagnosis and management of thyroid nodular diseases are constantly being revised and modified thanks to the scientific and even epidemiological advance in this area of knowledge. It yet shows that is necessary a deeper analysis about the surgical treatment, having in mind the impact that it has in the patient's life.
Subject(s)
Thyroidectomy , Thyroid Nodule/surgery , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosisABSTRACT
The Atlantic goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara , is a critically endangered species, threatened by illegal fishing and the destruction of its habitats. A number of other closely related grouper species found in the western Atlantic are also fished intensively. While some countries apply rigorous legislation, illegal harvesting followed by the falsification of fish products, which impedes the correct identification of the species, is a common practice, allowing the catch to be marketed as a different grouper species. In this case, molecular techniques represent an important tool for the monitoring and regulation of fishery practices, and are essential for the forensic identification of a number of different species. In the present study, species-specific primers were developed for the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene, which were applied in a multiplex PCR for the simultaneous identification of nine different species of Epinephelidae: Epinephelus itajara , E. quinquefasciatus , E. morio , Hyporthodus flavolimbatus , H. niveatus , Mycteroperca acutirostris , M. bonaci , M. marginata , and M. microlepis . Multiplex PCR is a rapid, reliable and cost-effective procedure for the identification of commercially-valuable endangered fish species, and may represent a valuable tool for the regulation and sustainable management of fishery resources.(AU)
O mero, Epinephelus itajara , encontra-se criticamente ameaçado, resultado da pesca ilegal e destruição dos habitas. Filogeneticamente relacionadas a este táxon encontram-se garoupas que atualmente são intensamente pescadas no Atlântico Oeste. Apesar de leis mais restritivas aplicadas em alguns países, a captura ilegal com a descaracterização morfológica é uma prática comum que impossibilita a identificação correta da espécie permitindo que seja comercializada como garoupas, badejos ou chernes. A este respeito, técnicas moleculares representam ferramentas importantes para o monitoramento e fiscalização da pesca, provando ser essencial, na identificação forense de diversas espécies. Primers espécie-específicos foram desenvolvidos com base no gene Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I que aplicados em PCR-Multiplex possibilitam a identificação simultânea de nove espécies Epinephelidae: Epinephelus itajara , E. quinquefasciatus , E. morio , Hyporthodus flavolimbatus , H. niveatus , Mycteroperca acutirostris , M. bonaci , M. marginata e M. microlepis . A identificação via PCR multiplex de espécies de peixes ameaçadas e comercialmente importantes é um método rápido, prático, seguro e de baixo custo, que poderá ser útil o controle do uso e manejo sustentável de recursos pesqueiros.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/genetics , Perciformes/immunology , Fishing Industry , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinaryABSTRACT
RESUMO Folie à deux, ou transtorno delirante induzido, é uma síndrome rara caracterizada por transferência de delírios de um sujeito considerado primariamente psicótico para um ou mais sujeitos considerados secundários em relação à origem do delírio. Apesar de ser um diagnóstico considerado raro, e até por isso esquecido nos tratados psiquiátricos atuais, nosso artigo descreve um caso de folie à deux entre mãe (sujeito delirante primário) e filha (paciente previamente saudável e secundariamente psicótica) que teve sucesso terapêutico e evolução muito favorável. Apesar de nosso caso ter tido evolução favorável, há relatos na literatura de desfechos trágicos como infanticídio. Além disso, nosso artigo chama atenção para alguns aspectos importantes. Primeiro, quadros de folie à deux podem ocorrer em muitas situações, e não só em confinamentos, diferentemente do que os sistemas classificatórios atuais tendem a fazer. Igualmente, não são tão raros como se supõe. Por último, os clínicos devem estar atentos a possíveis problemas psiquiátricos não reconhecidos no indivíduo considerado secundário.
ABSTRACT Folie à deux, or induced delusional disorder, is a rare syndrome characterized by transfer of delusions from a primary subject to one or more secondary subjects. Though a diagnosis considered rare and even so forgotten in current psychiatric treated our article describes a case of folie à deux between mother (primary delusional subject) and daughter (previously healthy and secondary psychotic subject) had therapeutic success and evolution very favorable. Although our case had favorable development, there are reports in the literature tragic outcomes as infanticide. In addition, our article draws attention to some important aspects. First, folie à deux frames can occur in many situations and not only in feedlots, unlike the current classification systems tend to do. Also, they are not as rare as it is supposed. Finally, clinicians should be alert to possible psychiatric problems not recognized in the individual considered secondary.
ABSTRACT
AbstractBackground:Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the world and in Brazil. Myocardial scintigraphy is an important noninvasive method for detecting ischemia in symptomatic patients, but its use in asymptomatic ones or those with atypical symptoms is yet to be defined.Objective:To verify the presence of major cardiac events in asymptomatic patients or those with atypical symptoms (atypical chest pain or dyspnea) that underwent myocardial scintigraphy (MS), over a period of 8 years. Secondary objectives were to identify cardiac risk factors associated with myocardial scintigraphy abnormalities and possible predictors for major cardiac events in this group.Methods:This was a retrospective, observational study using the medical records of 892 patients that underwent myocardial scintigraphy between 2005 and 2011 and who were followed until 2013 for assessment of major cardiac events and risk factors associated with myocardial scintigraphy abnormalities. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression and Kaplan-Meyer survival curves, with statistical significance being set at p ≤ 0.05.Results:Of the total sample, 52.1% were men, 86.9% were hypertensive, 72.4% had hyperlipidemia, 33.6% were diabetic, and 12.2% were smokers; 44.5% had known coronary artery disease; and 70% had high Framingham score, 21.8% had moderate and 8% had low risk. Of the myocardial scintigraphies, 58.6% were normal, 26.1% suggestive of fibrosis and 15.3% suggestive of ischemia. At evolution, 13 patients (1.5%) had non-fatal myocardial infarction and six individuals (0.7%) died. The group with normal myocardial scintigraphy showed longer period of time free of major cardiac events, non-fatal myocardial infarction (p = 0.036) and death. Fibrosis in the myocardial scintigraphy determined a 2.4-fold increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and five-fold higher risk of death (odds ratio: 2.4 and 5.7, respectively; p = 0.043).Conclusion:The occurrence of major cardiac events in 8 years was small. Patients with fibrosis at MS had more major events, whereas patients with normal MS result had fewer major cardiac events, with higher survival.
ResumoFundamento:A doença cardiovascular é uma das principais causas de óbito no Brasil e no mundo. A cintilografia miocárdica tem papel estabelecido na detecção de isquemia de pacientes sintomáticos, mas sua indicação em assintomáticos ou naqueles com sintomas atípicos ainda não está definida.Objetivo:Identificar eventos maiores em pacientes assintomáticos ou com sintomas atípicos (dor torácica atípica ou dispneia) que realizaram cintilografia miocárdica, em até 8 anos. Como objetivos secundários, citamos identificar os fatores de risco associados às alterações na cintilografia miocárdica e os possíveis preditores para eventos maiores nesse grupo.Métodos:Estudo retrospectivo, observacional, por revisão de prontuário, de 892 pacientes que realizaram cintilografia miocárdica entre 2005 e 2011, com seguimento até 2013, para avaliação de eventos maiores e análise dos fatores de risco associados à cintilografia miocárdica alterada. A análise estatística foi realizada por testes de Fisher, regressão logística e curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier, com p significativo se ≤ 0,05.Resultados:Do total dos pacientes da amostra, 52,1% eram homens, 86,9% hipertensos, 72,4% dislipidêmicos, 33,6% diabéticos, e 12,2% tabagistas; 44,5% tinham doença arterial coronária conhecida; e 70% apresentavam escore de Framingham alto, 21,8% moderado e 8% baixo risco. Das cintilografias miocárdicas, 58,6% foram normais; 26,1%, sugestivas de fibrose; e 15,3%, de isquemia. Na evolução, 13 pacientes (1,5%) apresentaram infarto do miocárdio não fatal e 6 pacientes (0,7%) foram a óbito. O grupo com cintilografia miocárdica normal apresentou maior tempo livre de eventos maiores, infarto do miocárdio não fatal (p = 0,036) e morte (p = 0,019). A fibrose determinou risco 2,4 vezes maior de infarto do miocárdio não fatal e cinco vezes maior de morte (odds ratio: 2,4 e 5,7, respectivamente; p = 0,043).Conclusão:A ocorrência de eventos maiores em até 8 anos no grupo estudado foi pequena. Pacientes com fibrose na cintilografia miocárdica apresentaram mais eventos maiores. Pacientes com cintilografia miocárdica normal apresentaram menos eventos maiores, com sobrevida maior.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Asymptomatic Diseases , Cardiovascular Diseases , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Asymptomatic Diseases/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Diabetes Complications , Dyslipidemias/complications , Epidemiologic Methods , Hypertension/complications , Reference Values , Smoking/adverse effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Happiness is a lasting state and is associated with the absence of negative emotions, the presence of positive emotions, life satisfaction, social engagement and objectives in life. Researchers have demonstrated the benefits of happiness in many aspects of life, but few studies have been conducted within psychiatry. Objectives: To develop a critical literature review of studies on happiness and health in order to bring some further and useful information to psychiatry updating the article Happiness: a review published in 2007 in Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica. Methods: Computational searching was undertaken of digital data basis (PubMed and SciELO) using the keywords happiness and health. One hundred twenty-seven papers published between 2004 and 2014 were found, but only 76 had the keywords in the title or abstract and with this were selected. Results: Personality traits, such as self-direction; being married; being involved in physical and leisure activities; higher educational backgrounds and intelligence quotient; religiosity, volunteering and altruism; good physical and mental health; were positively related to happiness. Discussion: Analysis of the concept of happiness and its associated emotions may be more complex than describing the symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Despite this, the study of happiness brings several positive implications for psychiatry...
Subject(s)
Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Happiness , Health Promotion , Quality of Life , Mental HealthABSTRACT
The northern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul was extensively deforested in recent decades, and only isolated fragments of the original vegetation remain. The Parque Natural Municipal de Sertão comprises a remnant of Atlantic Rain Forest, one of the largest fragments in northern Rio Grande do Sul. This study examined the diversity of the herpetofauna, focusing on environmental distribution, seasonality and species richness. We used complementary methods of sampling such as pitfall traps, active search and occasional encounters. We recorded 23 species of frogs, nine snakes and one lizard. With respect to the relationship between amphibians and reptiles and the structural and abiotic factors of the environment, the edge of the fragment showed higher richness and increased dominance of amphibians and reptiles than the interior. The highest amphibian abundances were found when the minimum temperatures were higher and maximum temperatures were lower. The abundance of snakes was correlated with humidity, and species richness was influenced by humidity and monthly average temperature. Our results reinforce the importance of the conservation of forested areas to the maintenance of the species.
O norte do Rio Grande do Sul foi extensivamente desflorestado durante as últimas décadas e restaram somente fragmentos isolados das áreas originais. O Parque Natural Municipal de Sertão compreende um remanescente de Mata Atlântica, um dos maiores fragmentos do norte do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a diversidade da herpetofauna, enfocando aspectos da distribuição no ambiente, sazonalidade e riqueza de espécies. Utilizamos métodos complementares como armadilhas de interceptação e queda, procura ativa e encontros ocasionais. Registramos 23 espécies de anfíbios anuros, nove de serpentes e uma de lagarto. Encontramos relação entre os anfíbios e répteis e os fatores estruturais e abióticos do ambiente, onde a borda do fragmento apresentou maior riqueza e maior dominância de anfíbios e répteis que o interior do fragmento. As maiores abundâncias de anfíbios foram encontradas quando as temperaturas mínimas eram maiores e temperaturas máximas menores. A abundância de serpentes foi correlacionada com a umidade e a riqueza foi influenciada pela umidade e temperatura média mensal. Nossos resultados reforçam a importância da conservação de áreas florestadas para a manutenção das espécies.
ABSTRACT
Introdução:A infecção pelo HIV pode levar à imunossupressão progressiva e resultar em um complexo de infecções relacionadas à AIDS e outras manifestações nos indivíduos acometidos. Dados do Boletim Epidemiológico AIDS 2012, relatam, de 1980 a 2010, 241.662 óbitos por AIDS no Brasil. Niterói, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, é um município de médio porte, com cerca de 500 mil habitantes e excelentes indicadores socioeconômicos e culturais.Objetivo:Avaliar a possível relação de sazonalidade existente entre a distribuição temporal da demanda e da positividade de testes sorológicos anti-HIV no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Miguelote Viana (LCSPMV), de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico de série temporal. Foram analisados os dados dedemanda, de positividade dos exames anti-HIV e dos dias trabalhados, coletados de um banco de dados referentes ao período de 2005 a 2010. Os dados foramavaliados estatisticamente por uma série temporal e testes de hipótese para tendência e sazonalidade. O LCSPMV é referência na dosagem de carga viral e níveis deCD4 para todas as unidades de saúde da rede pública de Niterói e também atende à população oriunda dos municípios que fazem parte da Região MetropolitanaII.Esta é uma pesquisa inovadora, visto que ainda não foram encontrados artigos que correlacionem aumentos/diminuições das demandas de exames anti-HIV com osrespectivos meses dos anos.Resultados:No período de janeiro de 2005 até dezembro de 2010, registramos 64.505 exames sorológicos anti-HIV, sendo em 2005,17,44% (11.252); em 2006, 16,36% (10.557); em 2007, 17,81% (11.494); em 2008, 17,12% (11.046); em 2009, 16,20% (10.452); e em 2010,15,04%(9.704).
Introduction:HIV infection can lead to a progressive immunosuppression and result in an AIDS-related infections complex and other manifestations in affected individuals. Data from the AIDS 2012 Epidemiological Bulletin from 1980 to 2010 reported 241,662 deaths from AIDS in Brazil. Niterói, in Rio de Janeiro State, isa medium-sized city, of 500,000 in habitants approximately and expressive socioeconomic and cultural indicators.Objective:To evaluate the relations hip between seasonal demand and positivity of anti-HIV tests in the Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory located in Niterói.Methods:This is a temporal series analytical cross-sectional study. Anti-HIV tests demand, positivity and days worked by Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory were analyzed froma database for the period from 2005 to 2010. Data was then statistically evaluated through a temporal seriesand hypothesis testing on tendency and seasonality.Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory is a reference center for the dosage of viral load and CD4 levels for all public health units of Niterói; also attending to the population of cities in Metropolitan Region II. This is an innovative research, since articles that relate anti-HIV tests demand increase/decrease with the respective months of the year have not been found yet. As a result, we present graphs, tables and charts.Results:From January 2005 to December 2010,we have registered 64,505 serological tests for HIV, as follows: 17.44% (11,252) in 2005; 16.36% (10,557) in 2006; 17.81% (11,494) in 2007; 17.12% (11,046)in 2008; 16.20% (10,452) in 2009; and 15.04% (9,704) in 2010. In annual average, the days worked per month were as follows: 20in 2005; 19.5 in 2006; 19.8 in2007; 19.6 in 2008; 19.7 in 2009 and 19.3 in 2010. The monthly average of days worked in the six years studied was: 21 in Jan; 17.3 in February; 21.6 in March;17.3 in April; 20 in May; 18.6 in June; 21.6 in July; 22 in August; 20.3 in September; 20.3 in October; 17.3 in November and 18.6 days in December. The annual average of positivity in absolute numbers was as follows: 42.6 in 2005; 44.0 in 2006; 38.3 in 2007; 32.8 in 2008; 24.25 in 2009and 25.25 in 2010. The average positivity per month in the six years studied was the following: 39.3 in January; 29.3 in February; 40.8 in March; 31.8 in April; 31.1 in May; 34.6 in June; 33.8 inJuly; 38.6 in August; 35.0 in September; 34.8 in October; 31.5 in November and 33.6 in December. The average percentage of positivity per month was as follows:January (4.35), February (3.85), March (3.95), April (3.88), May (3.56), June (2.34), July (3.54), August (3.80), September (3.79), October (3.60), November (3.92)and December (3.75). In the studied period (2005-2010), Carnival holidays occurred in the month of February, on the following days: 8, 28, 20, 5, 24 and 16,respectively.Conclusion:We observed no seasonal relation between demand and positivity of anti-HIV tests carried out at Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory. A significant statistical decrease occurred in both anti-HIV tests demand and positivity during the studied years of the 2005-2010 series.